R88M-U20030HA-S1在機(jī)器“排排坐”的空調(diào)車間內(nèi),沒(méi)了傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)線上那樣攢動(dòng)的忙碌者。每名藍(lán)制服女工可以操作兩座“大塊頭”自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)機(jī),將游戲機(jī)芯片格式化;而此前,這一流程需要9人逐件手動(dòng)操作完成。這是記者在東莞港企龍昌數(shù)碼科技公司看到的“智能車間”,類似景象近年在珠三角代工廠中亦愈加常見(jiàn)。
2015年,被視為人口紅利消失后的中國(guó)機(jī)器人工業(yè)元年。在“世界工廠”珠三角,一臺(tái)臺(tái)機(jī)器人輪番上崗,一群群車間工人漸退二線,“機(jī)器換人”的“新常態(tài)”撲面而來(lái)。不過(guò),相比內(nèi)地許多大企業(yè)的“大手筆”,以中小型代工廠為主打的珠三角港企仍屬“小動(dòng)作”。從“機(jī)器換人”到“智能工廠”乃至“無(wú)人工廠”,港企要走的路還很長(zhǎng)。
R88M-U20030HA-S1改變勞動(dòng)密集模式
“一臺(tái)機(jī)器人的工作效率往往是工人的數(shù)倍?!备燮簌i馳五金製品公司董事長(zhǎng)助理裴玉華透露,公司去年起投入2000多萬(wàn)元(人民幣,下同),用于生產(chǎn)線和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的自動(dòng)化改造。僅產(chǎn)品“進(jìn)包─打包”環(huán)節(jié),便由40多人減至8人,一年的人工開(kāi)支節(jié)省數(shù)百萬(wàn)元。
給惠普、佳能等做代工的港企嘉輝五金塑膠公司,繁重且重復(fù)的工序亦被231臺(tái)六軸機(jī)器人手臂取代,用工僅需180人,銳減近70%。公司負(fù)責(zé)人趙凱稱,現(xiàn)在單個(gè)作業(yè)班組的產(chǎn)量激增逾四倍。
“‘機(jī)器換人’不單改變勞動(dòng)密集模式,還提升產(chǎn)品含金量。如玩具採(cǎi)用‘切水口模’后用工由5人減到1人,良品率則由91%升至98%?!饼埐悄芗夹g(shù)研究院院長(zhǎng)陳育川說(shuō),龍昌高峰期員工有8000人,現(xiàn)在僅3000多人。
R88M-U20030HA-S1隨“機(jī)器換人”浪潮來(lái)襲,資本狂歡亦不斷。據(jù)廣東省經(jīng)信委統(tǒng)計(jì),今年上半年工業(yè)技改共投入逾1220億元,同比增80%,刷新廣東20年來(lái)的紀(jì)錄。而其背后潛藏的,則是用工成本和城市人口結(jié)構(gòu)的大變樣。
“如今珠三角的勞動(dòng)力、土地等承載已摸到天花板?!毕愀酃I(yè)總會(huì)有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人直言,招工難幾乎成了所有企業(yè)的困擾,而今年用工成本又增長(zhǎng)20%左右。除非企業(yè)外遷,否則“機(jī)器換人”已是刻不容緩。
錢(qián)緊技窮成約束
不過(guò),相比內(nèi)地許多大企業(yè)先行一步,像美的、格蘭仕等動(dòng)輒數(shù)億打造“智能工廠”乃至“無(wú)人工廠”,珠三角較多中小港企顯得“蜻蜓點(diǎn)水”。
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R88M-U20030HA-S1
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R88M-W05030T
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R88M-W10030H
R88M-W10030H-B
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R88M-W10030H-G33B
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R88M-W10030L
R88M-W10030L-B
R88M-W10030L-BS1
AMAT Applied Materials 70512553000 Mod.Scan Current AMP Used Working
AMAT Applied Materials 0020-53725 Cover, Clear Lid AFREOL new
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AMAT Applied Materials 0010-30076 Generator Assembly IPA Vapor GEN III Used
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Applied Materials AMAT XR80 EVR Lateral Servo Board 0100-01734 Used Working
AMAT Applied Materials XR80 Thermistor Gauge Controller Board 0100-01351 Rev.A
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Applied Materials (AMAT) 0021-35753 Ring, Isolator,TXZ 150MM SMF
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Applied Materials AMAT Versa Controller CPU Board 670560 Rev. C Used Working
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