IC693CPU331
IC693CPU331
IC693CPU331
CPU主要由運(yùn)算器、控制器、寄存器及實(shí)現(xiàn)它們之間聯(lián)系的數(shù)據(jù)、控制及狀態(tài)總線構(gòu)成,CPU單元還包括外圍芯片、總線接口及有關(guān)電路。內(nèi)存主要用于存儲(chǔ)程序及數(shù)據(jù),是PLC不可缺少的組成單元。
在使用者看來(lái),不必要詳細(xì)分析CPU的內(nèi)部電路,但對(duì)各部分的工作機(jī)制還是應(yīng)有足夠的理解。CPU的控制器控制CPU工作,由它讀取指令、解釋指令及執(zhí)行令。但工作節(jié)奏由震蕩信號(hào)控制。運(yùn)算器用于進(jìn)行數(shù)字或邏輯運(yùn)算,在控制器指揮下工作。寄存器參與運(yùn)算,并存儲(chǔ)運(yùn)算的中間結(jié)果,它也是在控制器指揮下工作。
CPU速度和內(nèi)存容量是PLC的重要參數(shù),它們決定著PLC的工作速度,IO數(shù)量及軟件容量等,因此限制著控制規(guī)模。
I/O模塊
PLC與電氣回路的接口,是通過(guò)輸入輸出部分(I/O)完成的。I/O模塊集成了PLC的I/O電路,其輸入暫存器反映輸入信號(hào)狀態(tài),輸出點(diǎn)反映輸出鎖存器狀態(tài)。輸入模塊將電信號(hào)變換成數(shù)字信號(hào)進(jìn)入PLC系統(tǒng),輸出模塊相反。I/O分為開(kāi)關(guān)量輸入(DI),開(kāi)關(guān)量輸出(DO),模擬量輸入(AI),模擬量輸出(AO)等模塊。
常用的I/O分類(lèi)如下:
開(kāi)關(guān)量:按電壓水平分,有220VAC、110VAC、24VDC,按隔離方式分,有繼電器隔離和晶體管隔離。
模擬量:按信號(hào)類(lèi)型分,有電流型(4-20mA,0-20mA)、電壓型(0-10V,0-5V,-10-10V)等,按精度分,有12bit,14bit,16bit等。
除了上述通用IO外,還有特殊IO模塊,如熱電阻、熱電偶、脈沖等模塊。
按I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)確定模塊規(guī)格及數(shù)量,I/O模塊可多可少,但其最大數(shù)受CPU所能管理的基本配置的能力,即受最大的底板或機(jī)架槽數(shù)限制。
電源模塊
PLC電源用于為PLC各模塊的集成電路提供工作電源。同時(shí),有的還為輸入電路提供24V的工作電源。電源輸入類(lèi)型有:交流電源(220VAC或110VAC),直流電源(常用的為24VDC)。
底板或機(jī)架
大多數(shù)模塊式PLC使用底板或機(jī)架,其作用是:電氣上,實(shí)現(xiàn)各模塊間的聯(lián)系,使CPU能訪問(wèn)底板上的所有模塊,機(jī)械上,實(shí)現(xiàn)各模塊間的連接,使各模塊構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體。
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