6ES5541-8AA11
6ES5541-8AA11
6ES5541-8AA11
《聯(lián)系人；歐先生》
PXI Express平臺中數(shù)據(jù)的流向，組成的組件包含了PXI Express機(jī)箱、PXI Express控制器及模塊化儀器，包含數(shù)字化儀及波形發(fā)生器。以高速數(shù)字化儀為例，模擬信號被ADC采集轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量數(shù)據(jù)后，會搬移到板載內(nèi)存上暫存，接下來再經(jīng)由總線控制器及PCI Express接口，傳送到PXI Express控制器的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存上，做后續(xù)的計算及處理。若數(shù)據(jù)的流向目的地是存儲設(shè)備，則會在未經(jīng)任何處理計算的情況下，被直接搬移到存儲裝置，以維持高速、連續(xù)不斷的數(shù)據(jù)記錄。在PXI Express背板上，采用了PCIe switch使得系統(tǒng)得以擴(kuò)展出更多槽位。由于不同的PXI Express機(jī)箱有不同的槽位型態(tài)，因此每個PCIe switch的繞線方式都不同，進(jìn)而影響到數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率。如模塊化儀器-波形發(fā)生器，其數(shù)據(jù)流則以相反方向運(yùn)行。
圖一、PXI Express平臺與模塊化儀器整體架構(gòu)簡化圖，顯示PXI Express系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)記錄傳輸?shù)姆较?/span>
接下來我們會討論數(shù)據(jù)記錄系統(tǒng)的每個環(huán)節(jié)及對于數(shù)據(jù)帶寬的影響。
l 模塊化儀器的板載內(nèi)存
大約十多年前，高速的PCI數(shù)字化儀都需要配備大量的板載內(nèi)存以暫存來自高速ADC的數(shù)據(jù)，主要原因是當(dāng)時的PCI總線僅能提供約132MB/s的數(shù)據(jù)帶寬(多數(shù)系統(tǒng)僅能達(dá)到約80MB/s)。PCI總線的帶寬，無法滿足于8位1GS/s或14位200MS/s的數(shù)字化儀所需要的數(shù)據(jù)帶寬。為了要增加記錄或采集時間，512MB、1GB或甚至4GB的板載內(nèi)存就會被應(yīng)用于數(shù)字化儀之上。目前雖然高速PCIe總線接口可提供數(shù)倍于PCI總線的帶寬，但數(shù)字化儀通常還是會配備有大量的板載內(nèi)存深度(大于100MB)，用于當(dāng)作數(shù)據(jù)暫存，以避免CPU或DMA控制器過于忙碌而無法實(shí)時傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。舉例來說，一個單通道8位500MS/s的數(shù)字化儀，在完全不將數(shù)據(jù)傳回系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存狀況下，可以記錄高達(dá)1秒的時間，若配備有2GB內(nèi)存則可記錄高達(dá)4秒。
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