3HAC025786-001
3HAC025786-001
3HAC025786-001
3HAC025786-001
攔污柵位于進(jìn)水口前,其作用為攔住雜物,防止雜物進(jìn)入水輪機(jī)蝸殼,影響機(jī)組正常運(yùn)行。機(jī)組長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行后,必然導(dǎo)致攔污柵前渣滓堵塞,使柵前、柵后水位產(chǎn)生差值,對(duì)欄污柵形成一定的水壓力。當(dāng)壓力超過(guò)攔污柵所能承受的限度時(shí),將發(fā)生攔污柵壓塌的重大事故。為避免該事故的發(fā)生,水電廠一般采用測(cè)量攔污柵前、后水位差,來(lái)判斷攔污柵目前承受的壓力,是否超出警界線,來(lái)決定是否需要排除攔污柵前渣滓,緩解攔污柵所承受壓力。
田壩電站位于云南省漫灣發(fā)電廠大壩左岸,裝有一臺(tái)105MW的混流式機(jī)組,在汛期利用漫灣發(fā)電廠的棄水發(fā)電,在系統(tǒng)中承擔(dān)腰荷。由于其進(jìn)水口位于江水拐彎處,容易聚集江水中漂來(lái)的渣滓,又由于離漫灣發(fā)電廠表孔泄洪門較遠(yuǎn),渣滓不容易排走,而長(zhǎng)時(shí)間滯留于進(jìn)水口門攔污柵前,造成堵塞,使得柵前、柵后水位產(chǎn)生差值。對(duì)攔污柵形成較大的壓力。電廠必須對(duì)該壓力進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),防患于未然。但目前攔污柵水位測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確、可靠性低,實(shí)際運(yùn)行中,需要運(yùn)行班人員定期到現(xiàn)地測(cè)量。這樣既不能達(dá)到實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),又給“無(wú)人值班,少人值守”的電站提出了一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題。
帶著問(wèn)題,我們進(jìn)行了大量調(diào)研,目前水電站多采用浮子式液位計(jì)或投入式液位計(jì)來(lái)進(jìn)行水位測(cè)量。其缺點(diǎn)為:測(cè)量精度低,不可靠,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)浮子卡死不動(dòng)和傳感器堵塞導(dǎo)致測(cè)不準(zhǔn);維護(hù)工作量大,安裝、調(diào)試不便,采集到的僅是模擬告警信號(hào),不能直接進(jìn)入電廠計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。對(duì)無(wú)人值班電廠不實(shí)用。
我們對(duì)攔污柵水位測(cè)量系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了反復(fù)對(duì)比,優(yōu)化得出最后的方案設(shè)計(jì),采用超聲波物位計(jì)對(duì)柵前、柵后水位進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確監(jiān)測(cè),用PLC對(duì)采集量進(jìn)行處理。并且把實(shí)時(shí)水位和壓差數(shù)據(jù)送到中控室,顯示和越限報(bào)警。同時(shí)采用RS422/RS232接口,又把實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)送到大壩集中控制室工控機(jī),處理成計(jì)算機(jī)通信報(bào)文,最終將采集量送到電廠計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)上位機(jī)。
該項(xiàng)目實(shí)施后不僅滿足欄污柵柵前、柵后水位及壓差的多點(diǎn)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),及報(bào)警功能,而且結(jié)束了攔污柵測(cè)量系統(tǒng)獨(dú)立工作,無(wú)法與電廠計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)通訊的局面。實(shí)現(xiàn)與閘門系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)視功能、控制功能以及故障時(shí)ON-CALL尋呼系統(tǒng)功能的集成。滿足了無(wú)人值班電站的需要。該技術(shù)在云南省電力系統(tǒng)還是第一家。
今后,我們打算將攔污柵柵前水位(即壩前水位)送給水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)調(diào)整水頭,使機(jī)組在最優(yōu)工況下運(yùn)行。
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